This review provides a comprehensive overview of FBG sensor technology, focusing on their operating principles, key advantages such as high sensitivity and immunity to electromagnetic interference, and common challenges like temperature-strain cross-sensitivity and the high. This review provides a comprehensive overview of FBG sensor technology, focusing on their operating principles, key advantages such as high sensitivity and immunity to electromagnetic interference, and common challenges like temperature-strain cross-sensitivity and the high. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have emerged as advanced tools for monitoring a wide range of physical parameters in various fields, including structural health, aerospace, biochemical, and environmental applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of FBG sensor technology. This paper presents the performance analysis of fiber Bragg gratings with diverse chirp profiles in compensating chromatic dispersion in wavelength division multiplexed long-haul optical fiber systems. The method employs multistage pairs of circulators and tanh-apodized fiber Bragg gratings with. After optimizing these parameters, a high-quality first-order PbP FBG with a reflectivity > 99., Bragg resonance attenuation of 37. Moreover, taking advantage of the excellent flexibility of the fs laser PbP technology. Abstract—Exceptional points (EPs), intrinsic to non-Hermitian systems, exhibit singular spectral responses with extreme sen-sitivity to external perturbations, offering new opportunities for precision sensing. These microscopic structures within optical fibers have become the bedrock of cutting-edge sensor.