Instead of using pure ray-optics for predict-ing the optical working distance for fiber coupling, a full physical-optics model is used to calculate the field in the focal region. 1x2 couplers are manufactured using the same process as our 2x2 fiber optic couplers, except the second input port is internally terminated using a proprietary method that minimizes back. Directional couplers are multiple-waveguide couplers used for codirectional coupling. They can be used in many different applications, including power splitters, optical switches, wavelength filters, and polarization selectors. We consider in this tutorial two-channel directional couplers, which. What is the principle of evanescent wave coupling? What factors influence the coupling strength and wavelength sensitivity in fiber couplers? What happens when light is injected into both input ports of a directional fiber coupler? How do high-power fiber couplers differ from standard couplers?One method to make waveguide or fiber couplers is to use straight sections of the guides where the evanescent modes of one guide overlap with the modes of a second guide, eg, a directional coupler. The light from one guide slowly transfers back and forth between the guides. The introduction of Beam P opagation Method (BPM), OptiBPM software and OptiSystem software are given. For this coupling to take place cumulatively over a substantial length, the light must.