State-sponsored cyberattacks are increasingly targeting global data infrastructure, especially submarine fiber-optic cables, smart energy grids, and IT-OT converged systems. Threat actors use advanced techniques such as. Fiber optic tapping, also known as fiber optic eavesdropping or fiber optic interception, is a process where unauthorized parties intercept and monitor data as it travels through fiber optic cables. Unlike traditional copper cables, fiber optics use light signals to transmit data, making it. The EU's subsea data cable network is both vital for global connectivity and vulnerable. This study provides a systematic review of the current security threats, as well as the actors at the origin of these threats. Building on reports and expert input, the paper takes stock of current awareness. Subsea fiber-optic cables, a critical information and telecommunications technology (ICT) infrastructure carrying more than 95 percent of international data, are becoming a highly consequential theater of great power competition between the United States, China, and other state actors such as. This paper analyzes the cyber attack surface of SCCs, identifying vulnerabilities and single points of failure. Using the Svalbard Undersea Cable System as a case study, this study provides an attack analysis for several network nodes and shows the repercussions on interconnected CIs. Finally, it. The key differentiator of Fiber Optic lies in its mode of data transmission.
