Broadcom's Optical Module PHY portfolio spans multiple technology nodes — 16nm, 7nm and now 5nm, with data rates from 100 Gbs to 1. Comprising five flagship platforms, Centenario, Jesko, Portofino, Gemera, and Cygnus, Broadcom's DSP PAM-4 portfolio covers 100G . The Marvell® PAM4 optical DSP portfolio, including Spica™ and Nova™ DSPs, addresses the critical the need for high-bandwidth optical interconnects to power AI infrastructure. Marvell leads the pluggable module ecosystem with low-power, high-performance silicon for AI, cloud, enterprise and 5G. While SFP+ (10G) and SFP28 (25G) used NRZ (Non-Return to Zero) modulation, SFP56 utilizes PAM4 (Pulse Amplitude Modulation 4-level). Implication: You cannot plug an SFP56 module into an SFP28 port and expect it to auto-negotiate 50G without specific host support for PAM4 decoding. 2025 Update: Most. PAM4 is a branch of the pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) technology, which is a mainstream signal transmission technology following non-return-to-zero (NRZ). Figure 1-1 shows the typical waveform. hat enables next generatio out the prior written consent of MaxLinear, Inc. MaxLinear, the MaxLinear logo, and any other MaxLinear trademarks (including but not limited to MxL, Full-Spectrum Capture, FSC, AirPHY, Puma, and AnyWAN, VectorBoost, MXL WARE, and Panther) are all property. By a limited introduction of HOM in Client Side modules, e. by using PAM4 with linear components and direct detection, we can minimize the increase of testing complexity, and thus cost, inherent to HOM.