Fronthaul refers to the optical network (i. fiber link) that supports C-RAN (Centralized or Cloud Radio Access Network) architecture by connecting individual Remote Radio Units or Heads (RRUs or RRHs) and Baseband Units (BBUs). Fronthaul originated with 4G LTE, when operators moved their radios. Backhaul and fronthaul primarily deal with the transport network, serving as the pathways that carry data between the core network and the RAN or between parts of the RAN itself. In simpler. Fronthaul is defined as the fiber-based connection in RAN infrastructure between the Baseband Unit (BBU) and Remote Radio Head (RRH). Several fiber options can increase installation density and/or flexibility in this fronthaul. This part lets data move very fast with little delay. Understanding its function, challenges, and the technology enabling it is crucial for anyone deploying or managing next-generation mobile infrastructure.
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