Broadcom's Optical Module PHY portfolio spans multiple technology nodes — 16nm, 7nm and now 5nm, with data rates from 100 Gbs to 1. Comprising five flagship platforms, Centenario, Jesko, Portofino, Gemera, and Cygnus, Broadcom's DSP PAM-4 portfolio covers 100G, 400G . Our Ethernet physical layer transceivers (PHYs) are high-performance, small-footprint, low-power transceivers designed specifically for today's consumer electronics, automotive, industrial and enterprise applications. They are available in the industry's smallest footprint and consume up to 40%. In this article, we'll explore the architecture, functions, and interaction between Ethernet MAC and PHY—and how LINK-PP contributes to this ecosystem with high-performance components such as SFP optical transceivers and integrated magnetic RJ45 connectors. Integrated high-speed, high performance mixed signal I/O using advanced CMOS process nodes support a variety of optical and copper connectivity. Optical transceiver modules and their input data lines operate at very high signal bandwidths that create major challenges for high-speed designers in terms of layout, routing, and signal integrity. They handle signal encoding/decoding, serialization/deserialization (SerDes), clock recovery, equalization. The Broadcom® BCM87840 is the industry's highest-performance and lowest-power single-chip 400GbE PAM-4 PHY transceiver capable of driving four lanes of 106-Gb/s PAM-4 at 53 Gbaud, while supporting DR4, FR4, LR4, and QSFP112 optical links. The BCM87840 leverages Broadcom's market-leading 7-nm PAM-4.