NVIDIA unveiled its next-generation silicon photonics switches— Spectrum-X Photonics Ethernet and Quantum-X Photonics InfiniBand —designed to scale AI factories to connect millions of GPUs while cutting energy consumption and improving performance. Taiwan's supply chain plays a key role, with TSMC's COUPE (Compact Universal Photonic Engine) integrating 65nm electronic and photonic ICs in. Graphics processing unit (GPU) computing clusters, which serve as the basic architecture to support AI, ML, and similar applications, raise higher requirements for network transmission than central processing unit (CPU) common computing clusters. The new platform increases data transfer speeds to 1. 6 Tb/s per port, with a total transfer capacity of 400 Tb/s, enabling millions of GPUs to work together.